"In this paper, a new method for vector Tracking of GPS satellite signals in weak signal circumstances is presented. Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is usually used in vector Tracking. As divergence is one of the main problems in common Kalman filters, Adaptive Kalman filters are used to avoid divergence. Common adaptive Kalman filter in vector Tracking is implemented using a window with limited length, which cannot be greater than a specified amount and so after a short while Kalman filter will become divergent again. Window length is specified empirically and in accordance to statistical characteristics which may lead to an ideal solution for one specific amount, but not the other. Therefore adaptive Strong Tracking Kalman Filter (STKF) is used in this paper. Simulation results show that adaptive STKF has high accuracy in rela-tion to adaptive EKF, and in case of correctly arranged STKF parameters computing complexity of the pro-posed vector Tracking will be less than the traditional method. Results show that in comparison to tradition-al vector Tracking, methods based on adaptive STKF have significantly reduced errors in measuring carrier frequency, position and of course velocity.

Background: Speckle Tracking has always been a challenging issue in echocardiography images due to the lowcontrast and noisy nature of ultrasonic imaging modality. While in ultrasound imaging, framerate is limited by image size and sound speed in tissue, speckle Tracking results get worse inthree‑ dimensional imaging due to its lower frame rate. Therefore, numerous techniques have beenreported to overcome this limitation and enhance Tracking accuracy. Methods: In this work, we have proposedto increase the frame rate temporally for a sequence of three‑ dimensional (3D) echocardiographyframes to make Tracking more accurate. To increase the number of frames, cubic B‑ spline is usedto interpolate between intensity variation time curves extracted from every single voxel in theimage during the cardiac cycle. We have shown that the frame rate increase will result in Trackingaccuracy improvement. Results: To prove the efficiency of the proposed method, numerical evaluation metricsfor Tracking are reported to make a comparison between high temporal resolution sequences andlow temporal resolution sequences. Anatomical affine optical flow is selected as the state‑ of‑ the‑ artspeckle Tracking method, and a 3D echocardiography dataset is used to evaluate the proposedmethod. Conclusion: Results show that it is beneficial for speckle Tracking to perform on temporally condensedframes rather than ordinary clinical 3D echocardiography images. Normalized mean enhancementvalues for mean absolute error, Hausdorff distance, and Dice index for all cases and all frames are0. 44 ± 0. 09, 0. 42± 0. 09, and 0. 36 ± 0. 06, respectively.

In this paper, a new histogram-based method is introduced to make object detectors resistant to hostile attacks. In the following, this method was applied to two object detector models, YOLOV5 and FRCNN, and in this way, two models resistant to attacks were introduced. In order to verify the performance of the mentioned models, we performed the adversarial training process of these models with three targeted attacks TOG-vanishing, TOG-mislabeling, and TOG-fabrication and one untargeted attack, DAG. We have checked the efficiency of the introduced models on two data sets MSCOCO and PASCAL VOC, which are among the most famous data sets in the field of object recognition. The results show that this method, in addition to improving the adversarial accuracy, also improves the clean accuracy of the object detector models to some extent. The average clean accuracy of the YOLOv5-n model for the PASCAL VOC dataset, if adversarial attacks are applied to it, in the case where no defense method is applied, is 85.5%, and in the case where the histogram method is applied, the average accuracy is equal to with 87.36%. In the YOLOv5-n model, according to the results, the best adversarial accuracy of this model, which has increased compared to other models, is in TOG-vanishing and TOG-fabrication attacks, which are 48% and 52.36%, respectively.

In today's world, we are witnessing the launch, maintenance, control and exploitation of various projects. Projects that have high costs and optimal use of this capital in the current economy of the country are highly regarded by managers. On the other hand, each project is expected to achieve its predetermined goals at a specified time. Today, the necessity of rapid construction of subway lines in Tehran's metropolitan area, which is involved in severe traffic jams, is not covered by anyone. Despite the understanding of this issue by the authorities and the good actions taken so far in this direction. However, more effort and a greater determination to reach the acceptable speed in the construction and completion of metro lines is necessary. Quick implementation of projects is based on the principles of concurrent engineering, called fast Tracking, in construction projects. In the fast delivery method, solutions such as resource enhancement, synchronous engineering, overlapping phases, value engineering, teamwork by the multi-functional team, improving communication and information transfer, and accelerating decision making, using efficient contractual methods (transferring risks as Effective way, which by using the correct methods, accelerates the implementation of the project. Therefore, in this article, management strategies for implementing fast Tracking projects in the development projects of the country have been investigated.

Background: Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cancer-related cause of death in women worldwide and is often diagnosed at advanced stages. Regarding the low sensitivity and specificity of the currently available diagnostic techniques, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the accuracy of RMI and ROMA indexes and comparing these two indexes with CA-125 and HE4 parameters for the diagnosis and differentiation between benign and malignant ovarian tumors. Also, we determined the optimal cut-off level of these markers in patients who attended Arash Women’ s Hospital. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 137 women with ovarian mass who were attended the gynecology clinic of Arash Womenchr('39')s Hospital, Tehran, Iran (April 2017-April 2019), and were eligible according to the inclusion criteria. We included patients with an adnexal mass over 3 cm. Our exclusion criteria were as the following: pregnancy, age under 18 and over 90 years, taking hormonal agents, renal failure, suspected ovarian torsion, ovarian cancer and taking antibiotics, nitric oxide compounds, and heavy metals. Based on serum CA125, HE4, and ultrasound findings, ROMA and RMI indexes were determined for each patient, and the sensitivity and specificity of HE4, RMI, ROMA, and CA125 were compared with the result of the operative histopathologic assessment. Results: According to the area under the ROC curve, regardless of the patientschr('39') menopausal status, the highest diagnostic value was dedicated to RMI with 89% under the curve area and 95% confidence interval (81. 6-96. 4%). Diagnostic values of other markers were as the following: 87. 7%(95%CI=80. 3-95%) for HE4, 87. 3(95%CI=79. 1-95. 4%) for CA125, and 86. 2%(95%CI=78. 7-93. 6%) for ROMA. In terms of menopausal status, HE4 had the highest diagnostic value in premenopausal patients, while in the menopausal group CA125 had the highest diagnostic value. Conclusion: Measurement of HE4 before menopause and CA125 during menopause seems to be helpful in the early detection of ovarian cancers in women with ovarian masses.

Background: Reduced global longitudinal strain (GLS) is an early marker of subclinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, permitting timely interventions to slow disease progression. This technique is not widely available in echocardiographs in routine use. Aim: We sought to know if LV systolic function indices and structural left heart changes could predict a reduced GLS. Methods: We carried out a cross‑ sectional analytic study in May 2017. We measured GLS (reference test), LV ejection fraction, LV midwall shortening (MWS), LV mass index, LV diastolic diameter, LV volumes, and left atrial volume (predictors). We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, predictive values, and likelihood ratios of the predictor variables. We assessed the discriminatory power of the indices with the Youden Index and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC). Results: A total of 32 participants (14 males) were retained for this study. Their mean (standard deviation) age was 62 (15. 3) years. Eccentric LV hypertrophy (LVH) was the most frequent LV geometric pattern – 14 (43. 8%) participants. A reduced GLS was the most frequent LV functional anomaly – 20 (62. 5%) participants. A low MWS <36. 5% had a good predictive power of a reduced GLS – sensitivity: 80%, specificity: 83. 2%, accuracy: 81. 3%, and AUC: 0. 817. The presence of LVH had a fair prediction power of reduced GLS – sensitivity: 70%, specificity: 81. 8%, accuracy: 65. 6%, and AUC: 0. 741. The composite of MWS <36. 5% and or LVH had a fair discriminatory power (AUC: 0. 783, Youden Index: 0. 567), with a good sensitivity – 90%. Conclusion: Low MWS of the LV and the presence of LVH were found to be good predictors of reduced GLS.